Distancia entre dos puntos / coordenadas

Latitud y Longitud en esta formula deben ser proveídos en radianes, ejemplo: Lat1 = Lat1 * PI / 180
6378.137 es el diámetro de la tierra en km. en datum WGS84. Usar: 3963.191 para millas.

			PI = 3.14159265358979323846
Lat1 = Lat1 * PI / 180
Lon1 = Lon1 * PI / 180
Lat2 = Lat2 * PI / 180
Lon2 = Lon2 * PI / 180
D = 6378.137 * ACos( Cos( Lat1 ) * Cos( 
			Lat2 ) * Cos( Lon2 - Lon1 ) + Sin( Lat1 ) * Sin( Lat2 ) )
		

Si no dispone de la función ACos, probablemente tendrá la función Atn, la siguiente formula realiza el calculo vía ArcTan. En esta formula se proveen los datos Latitud y Longitud sin convertir a radianes.

			D = 6378.137 * Atn( Sqr( ( 1 - ( Sin( Lat1 / 57.29577951 ) * Sin( 
			Lat2 / 57.29577951 ) + Cos( Lat1 / 57.29577951 ) * Cos( 
			Lat2 / 57.29577951 ) * Cos( Lon2 / 57.29577951 - 
			Lon1 / 57.29577951 ) ) ^2 ) ) / (Sin ( Lat1 / 57.29577951 ) * Sin( 
			Lat2 / 57.29577951 ) + Cos( Lat1 / 57.29577951 ) * Cos( 
			Lat2 / 57.29577951 ) * Cos( Lon2 / 57.29577951 - 
			Lon1 / 57.29577951 ) ) )
		

Ejemplos de código

Java

ASP

C+

Perl

PHP

Const PI = 3.14159265358979323846
Const Radius = 6378.137

Dim Lat1 = 41.3879169;
Dim Lon1 = 2.1699187;
Dim Lat2 = 40.4167413;
Dim Lon2 = -3.7032498;

'Units: K=kilometers  M=miles  N=nautical miles
Dim Unit = "K"

Dim Result

Result = Distance( Lat1, Lon1, Lat2, Lon2, Unit ) & " kilometers"

msgbox(Result)

Function Distance( Lat1, Lon1, Lat2, Lon2, Unit )
  Dim dlon, distance
  Lat1 = cdbl(Lat1 * PI / 180)
  Lon1 = cdbl(Lon1 * PI / 180)
  Lat2 = cdbl(Lat2 * PI / 180)
  Lon2 = cdbl(Lon2 * PI / 180)
  DLon = Lon1 - Lon2
  
  Distance = ACos (sin(Lat1) * sin(Lat2) + cos(Lat1) * cos(Lat2) * cos(DLon) ) * Radius

Select Case lcase(unit)
    Case "K"
      Distance = Distance
    Case "M"
      Distance = Distance * 0.621371192
    Case "N"
      Distance = Distance * 0.539956803
  End Select
End Function

' ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'  Calculates ArcCos: acos() funtion (not available) by using Arctan: atn() function   
' ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function ACos(rad)
  If abs(rad) <> 1 Then
    acos = PI/2 - atn(rad/sqr(1-rad*rad))
  ElseIf rad = -1 Then
    acos = PI
  End If
End function

#include <stdio.h>
#include <Math.h>
#define PI 3.14159265358979323846
 
double Distance(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2, char unit) {
    double deg2radMultiplier = PI / 180;
    lat1 = lat1 * deg2radMultiplier;
    lon1 = lon1 * deg2radMultiplier;
    lat2 = lat2 * deg2radMultiplier;
    lon2 = lon2 * deg2radMultiplier;
 
    double radius = 6378.137; // earth mean radius defined by WGS84
    double dlon = lon2 - lon1;
    double distance = acos( sin(lat1) * sin(lat2) +  cos(lat1) * cos(lat2) * cos(dlon)) * radius; 
    
    if (unit == 'K') {
        return (distance); 
    } else if (unit == 'M') {
        return (distance * 0.621371192);
    } else if (unit == 'N') {
        return (distance * 0.539956803);
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}
 
 
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{

lat1 = 41.3879169;
	lon1 = 2.1699187;
	lat2 = 40.4167413;
	lon2 = -3.7032498;

printf("%f", Distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, 'K'));
    printf("%f", Distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, 'M'));
    printf("%f", Distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, 'N'));
}

using System;
 
namespace DistanceCalculatorCs
{
    class Program
    {
        static double Distance(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2, char unit)
        {
            double deg2radMultiplier = Math.PI / 180;
            lat1 = lat1 * deg2radMultiplier;
            lon1 = lon1 * deg2radMultiplier;
            lat2 = lat2 * deg2radMultiplier;
            lon2 = lon2 * deg2radMultiplier;
 
            double radius = 6378.137; // earth mean radius defined by WGS84
            double dlon = lon2 - lon1;
            double distance = Math.Acos(Math.Sin(lat1) * Math.Sin(lat2) + Math.Cos(lat1) * Math.Cos(lat2) * Math.Cos(dlon)) * radius;
 
            if (unit == 'K') {
                return (distance);
            } else if (unit == 'M') {
                return (distance * 0.621371192);
            } else if (unit == 'N') {
                return (distance * 0.539956803);
            } else {
                return 0;
            }
        }
 
 
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            lat1 = 41.3879169;
            lon1 = 2.1699187;
            lat2 = 40.4167413;
            lon2 = -3.7032498;

Console.WriteLine(Distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, 'K'));
            Console.WriteLine(Distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, 'M'));
            Console.WriteLine(Distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, 'N'));
        }
    }
}

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